A urine specimen obtained after not urinating for at least four hours is sometimes used for the PCR method of testing and it recommended to test for both Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and be treated for both at the same time.
By age 30, 50% of sexually active women have evidence that they have had Chlamydia at some time during their lives.

• An estimated 3 million Americans are infected with Chlamydia each year.
• 5 percent of the young sexually active people are infected with Chlamydia.
• in a non-monogamous relationship may have Chlamydia.
• One out of every twenty sexually active people in a non-monogamous relationship may have Chlamydia.
• Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because three quarters of infected women and half of infected men have no symptoms.
• The urine test is highly specific (98.2 for Chlamydia and 98.9 for Gonorrhea)

Chlamydia and gonorrhea are transmitted through vaginal, anal or oral sexual contact. Both infections cause symptoms for some people while other people have no recognizable symptoms at all. For women, symptoms include a change in the color or texture of vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding or spotting, vaginal burning, or pain and burning with urination. Pelvic pain may indicate that the bacteria have progressed into the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Because it is more common that women may not have recognizable symptoms, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that all sexually active adolescent and young adult women be tested during their annual exam. Any woman having new or multiple partners should request testing.

Gonorrhea symptoms may develop within 2-10 days while Chlamydia symptoms may occur 7-21 days after exposure.

Symptoms of gonococcal infections of the throat include redness and swelling of the tonsils, sometimes accompanied by exudates (white spots) on the tonsils. Ano-rectal symptoms include rectal pain and bleeding.

If your partner has been found to have Chlamydia and/or gonorrhea, recognize that the infection can be present for years without symptoms. It is important that you seek medical attention to be evaluated and treated. It is important to finish all of the medication even if your Chlamydia test is negative. Refrain from all sexual contact until you both have been examined and have completed treatment. The use of condoms is recommended to prevent re-infection.

Consistent condom use can reduce but not totally prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. It is important to talk with all new sexual partners about their sexual history. Although gonorrhea and Chlamydia testing can be performed, there are other sexually transmitted infections that may be transmitted even though no symptoms are present.

Routine screening in the absence of symptoms should be performed approximately two weeks after a suspected exposure to ensure accuracy of the testing. Since Chlamydia and/or gonorrhea may occur simultaneously with other infections, such as hepatitis B, syphilis, and HIV, additional testing may be recommended. Repeated testing may be done if desired, 3-4 months after medications have been completed, unless symptoms re-occur.