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San Francisco-based Better World Advertising was criticized last year for HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns some felt stigmatized gay men with HIV. In San Francisco, its "HIV Stops with Me" campaign featured a presumably gay man pledging for New Year's that he would not infect anyone with HIV in 2006. In October, BWA unveiled "HIV Is a Gay Disease" ads for the LA Gay and Lesbian Center.

BWA owner Les Pappas defended the ads as necessary to prevent onward HIV transmission. But AIDS activists countered that recent declining HIV and syphilis rates in San Francisco show gay men are taking care of each other. Some activists are calling for a two-year moratorium on HIV social marketing campaigns in order to determine the kinds of messages that should be developed to target the community.

HIV/AIDS campaigns are on the agenda for San Francisco's HIV Prevention Planning Council (HPPC) this spring. HPPC may discuss accountability and monitoring to ensure positive, creative, and interesting ads, said Tracey Parker, interim HIV prevention director at the San Francisco Department of Public Health. Her agency's use of BWA to create the Disclosure Initiative surprised some activists for its acknowledgment of gay men's use of negotiated-risk prevention strategies.

"At one level you want to try to penetrate and grab peoples' attention," said city Supervisor Bevan Dufty, who will speak during HPPC's public comment period this month. "At times the campaigns are so harsh you turn people off."

Meanwhile, the Stop AIDS Project and the Asian and Pacific Islander Wellness Center have retooled their campaigns. Stop AIDS is targeting methamphetamine use, gay venues, and sexual networks. APIWC is focusing on turning deep-seated community prejudices into community support for HIV patients and gay men. The San Francisco AIDS Foundation will also avoid a "you're doing something wrong" approach and instead work on positive motivations for prevention, said Executive Director Mark Cloutier.

We are providing the above information as a public service only. Providing synopses of key scientific articles and lay media reports on HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases  does not constitute  endorsement. The above summaries were prepared without conducting any additional research or investigation into the facts and statements made in the articles being summarized, and therefore readers are expressly cautioned against relying on the validity or invalidity of any statements made in these summaries. This CDC HIV/STD/TB Prevention News Update also includes information from CDC and other government agencies, such as background on MMWR articles, fact sheets and announcements.


Persons at risk for HIV-2 infection include:

Sex partners of a person from a country where HIV-2 is endemic (this category includes persons originally from such countries).

Sex partners of a person known to be infected with HIV-2.

Persons who received a transfusion of blood or a nonsterile injection in a country where HIV-2 is endemic.

Persons who shared needles with a person from a country where HIV-2 is endemic or with a person known to be infected with HIV-2.

Children of women who have risk factors for HIV-2 infection or who are known to be infected with HIV-2.

Additionally, testing for HIV-2 is indicated when there is clinical evidence for or suspicion of HIV disease (such as an AIDS-associated opportunistic infection) in the absence of a positive test for antibodies to HIV-1 and in cases in which the HIV-1 Western blot exhibits the unusual indeterminate pattern of gag (p55, p24, or p17) plus pol (p66, p51, or p32) bands in the absence of env (gp160, gp120, Or gp41) bands.

Although most HIV infections in the United States are of HIV-1 group B subtype, current ELISAs can accurately identify infections with nearly all non-B subtypes and many infections with group O HIV subtypes. Infections with HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O are rare in the United States and routine screening for these subtypes is not generally recommended as part of diagnostic testing except in areas where several such infections have been identified. Routine screening for HIV-2 might be appropriate in certain populations where potential risk for HIV-2 infection is higher (e.g., in areas where West African immigrants have settled). Since June 1992, FDA has recommended routine screening for antibody to HIV-2 (in addition to HIV-1) for all blood and plasma donations. Clients with clinical, epidemiologic, or laboratory history that suggests HIV infection and negative or indeterminate HIV-1 screening tests should receive further diagnostic testing to rule out HIV infection, potentially including testing for HIV-1 non-B subtypes and HIV-2 .


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